Index Symbols | A | B | C | D | E | F | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V Symbols ~ProfilingSection (C++ function) ~ScopedRegion (C++ function) A access (C++ function) ALLOC_PROP (C++ type) array_layout (C++ type), [1] assign_data (C++ function) atomic_add (C++ function) atomic_add_fetch (C++ function) atomic_and (C++ function) atomic_and_fetch (C++ function) atomic_assign (C++ function) atomic_compare_exchange (C++ function) atomic_compare_exchange_strong (C++ function) atomic_decrement (C++ function) atomic_div_fetch (C++ function) atomic_exchange (C++ function) atomic_fetch_add (C++ function) atomic_fetch_and (C++ function) atomic_fetch_div (C++ function) atomic_fetch_lshift (C++ function) atomic_fetch_max (C++ function) atomic_fetch_min (C++ function) atomic_fetch_mod (C++ function) atomic_fetch_mul (C++ function) atomic_fetch_or (C++ function) atomic_fetch_rshift (C++ function) atomic_fetch_sub (C++ function) atomic_fetch_xor (C++ function) atomic_increment (C++ function) atomic_load (C++ function) atomic_lshift_fetch (C++ function) atomic_max (C++ function) atomic_max_fetch (C++ function) atomic_min (C++ function) atomic_min_fetch (C++ function) atomic_mod_fetch (C++ function) atomic_mul_fetch (C++ function) atomic_or (C++ function) atomic_or_fetch (C++ function) atomic_rshift_fetch (C++ function) atomic_store (C++ function) atomic_sub (C++ function) atomic_sub_fetch (C++ function) atomic_xor_fetch (C++ function) B BAnd (C++ class) BAnd::BAnd (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] BAnd::init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) BAnd::join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) BAnd::reducer (C++ type) BAnd::reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) BAnd::result_view_type (C++ type) BAnd::value_type (C++ type) BAnd::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) begin (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Bitset (C++ class) Bitset::BIT_SCAN_FORWARD_MOVE_HINT_BACKWARD (C++ member) Bitset::BIT_SCAN_FORWARD_MOVE_HINT_FORWARD (C++ member) Bitset::BIT_SCAN_REVERSE (C++ member) Bitset::BIT_SCAN_REVERSE_MOVE_HINT_BACKWARD (C++ member) Bitset::BIT_SCAN_REVERSE_MOVE_HINT_FORWARD (C++ member) Bitset::Bitset (C++ function) Bitset::clear (C++ function) Bitset::count (C++ function) Bitset::find_any_set_near (C++ function) Bitset::find_any_unset_near (C++ function) Bitset::is_allocated (C++ function) Bitset::max_hint (C++ function) Bitset::MOVE_HINT_BACKWARD (C++ member) Bitset::reset (C++ function), [1] Bitset::set (C++ function), [1] Bitset::size (C++ function) Bitset::test (C++ function) BOr (C++ class) BOr::BOr (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] BOr::init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) BOr::join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) BOr::reducer (C++ type) BOr::reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) BOr::result_view_type (C++ type) BOr::value_type (C++ type) BOr::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) C cbegin (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) cend (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) ChunkSize (C++ function) complex (C++ class) complex::complex (C++ function) (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1], [2], [3] complex::im (C++ member) complex::imag (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1], [2] complex::operator std::complex<value_type> (C++ function) complex::operator!= (C++ function) (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] complex::operator*= (C++ function) (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] complex::operator+= (C++ function) (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] complex::operator-= (C++ function) (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] complex::operator/= (C++ function) (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] complex::operator= (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1], [2] complex::operator== (C++ function) (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] complex::re (C++ member) complex::real (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1], [2] complex::value_type (C++ type) const_data_type (C++ type) const_scalar_array_type (C++ type) const_type (C++ type) const_value_type (C++ type) ConstBitset (C++ class) ConstBitset::ConstBitset (C++ function), [1], [2] ConstBitset::count (C++ function) ConstBitset::operator= (C++ function), [1] ConstBitset::size (C++ function) ConstBitset::test (C++ function) contribute (C++ function) CoolerView (C++ class) CoolerView::CoolerView (C++ function) CoolerView::data_type (C++ type) CoolerView::foo (C++ function) CoolerView::foobar (C++ type) CoolerView::foobat (C++ type) CoolerView::some_var (C++ member) CoolerView::~CoolerView (C++ function) create_mirror (C++ function), [1], [2], [3], [4] create_mirror_view (C++ function), [1], [2], [3], [4] create_mirror_view_and_copy (C++ function), [1] D data (C++ function) data_type (C++ type) deep_copy (C++ function), [1] device_type (C++ type) dimension (C++ member) (C++ type) distance (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DualView (C++ class) DualView::clear_sync_state (C++ function) DualView::d_view (C++ member) DualView::DualView (C++ function), [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] DualView::extent (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DualView::extent_int (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DualView::get_device_side (C++ function) DualView::h_view (C++ member) DualView::host_mirror_space (C++ type) DualView::is_allocated (C++ function) DualView::modified_device (C++ member) DualView::modified_flags (C++ member) DualView::modified_host (C++ member) DualView::modify (C++ function) DualView::need_sync (C++ function) DualView::realloc (C++ function) DualView::resize (C++ function) DualView::span (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DualView::span_is_contiguous (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DualView::stride (C++ function) DualView::sync (C++ function), [1] DualView::t_dev (C++ type) DualView::t_dev_const (C++ type) DualView::t_dev_const_randomread (C++ type) DualView::t_dev_const_randomread_um (C++ type) DualView::t_dev_const_um (C++ type) DualView::t_dev_um (C++ type) DualView::t_host (C++ type) DualView::t_host_const (C++ type) DualView::t_host_const_randomread (C++ type) DualView::t_host_const_randomread_um (C++ type) DualView::t_host_const_um (C++ type) DualView::t_host_um (C++ type) DualView::t_modified_flag (C++ type) DualView::t_modified_flags (C++ type) DualView::traits (C++ type) DualView::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView (C++ class) DynamicView::allocation_extent (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::array_type (C++ type) DynamicView::chunk_size (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::const_type (C++ type) DynamicView::data (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::DynamicView (C++ function), [1], [2], [3] DynamicView::extent (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::extent_int (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::HostMirror (C++ type) DynamicView::is_allocated (C++ function) DynamicView::label (C++ function) DynamicView::non_const_type (C++ type) DynamicView::operator() (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::pointer_type (C++ type) DynamicView::reference_type (C++ type) DynamicView::reference_type_is_lvalue_reference (C++ member) DynamicView::resize_serial (C++ function) DynamicView::size (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::span (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::span_is_contiguous (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::stride (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::stride_0 (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::stride_1 (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::stride_2 (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::stride_3 (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::stride_4 (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::stride_5 (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::stride_6 (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::stride_7 (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynamicView::traits (C++ type) DynamicView::use_count (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) DynRankView (C++ class) DynRankView::access (C++ function) DynRankView::array_layout (C++ type) DynRankView::const_data_type (C++ type) DynRankView::const_scalar_array_type (C++ type) DynRankView::const_type (C++ type) DynRankView::const_value_type (C++ type) DynRankView::data (C++ function) DynRankView::data_type (C++ type) DynRankView::device_type (C++ type) DynRankView::dimension (C++ type) DynRankView::DynRankView (C++ function), [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12] DynRankView::execution_space (C++ type) DynRankView::extent (C++ function) DynRankView::extent_int (C++ function) DynRankView::host_mirror_space (C++ type) DynRankView::HostMirror (C++ type) DynRankView::is_allocated (C++ function) DynRankView::label (C++ function) DynRankView::layout (C++ function) DynRankView::memory_space (C++ type) DynRankView::memory_traits (C++ type) DynRankView::non_const_data_type (C++ type) DynRankView::non_const_scalar_array_type (C++ type) DynRankView::non_const_type (C++ type) DynRankView::non_const_value_type (C++ type) DynRankView::operator() (C++ function) DynRankView::pointer_type (C++ type) DynRankView::rank (C++ function) DynRankView::reference_type (C++ type) DynRankView::required_allocation_size (C++ function), [1] DynRankView::scalar_array_type (C++ type) DynRankView::size_type (C++ type) DynRankView::span (C++ function) DynRankView::span_is_contiguous (C++ function) DynRankView::specialize (C++ type) DynRankView::stride (C++ function) DynRankView::stride_0 (C++ function) DynRankView::stride_1 (C++ function) DynRankView::stride_2 (C++ function) DynRankView::stride_3 (C++ function) DynRankView::stride_4 (C++ function) DynRankView::stride_5 (C++ function) DynRankView::stride_6 (C++ function) DynRankView::stride_7 (C++ function) DynRankView::use_count (C++ function) DynRankView::value_type (C++ type) E end (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) execution_space (C++ type) extent (C++ function) extent_int (C++ function) F final (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) frobrnicator (C++ function) H host_mirror_space (C++ type) HostMirror (C++ type) I init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) InitArguments (C++ struct) InitArguments::device_id (C++ member) InitArguments::disable_warnings (C++ member) InitArguments::InitArguments (C++ function) InitArguments::ndevices (C++ member) InitArguments::num_numa (C++ member) InitArguments::num_threads (C++ member) InitArguments::skip_device (C++ member) InitializationSettings (C++ class) InitializationSettings::get_PARAMETER_NAME (C++ function) InitializationSettings::has_PARAMETER_NAME (C++ function) InitializationSettings::InitializationSettings (C++ function), [1] InitializationSettings::set_PARAMETER_NAME (C++ function) is_allocated (C++ function) is_assignable (C++ function) is_extent_constructible (C++ member) iter_swap (C++ function) J join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) K Kokkos::deep_copy (C++ function), [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] Kokkos::parallel_for (C++ function), [1] Kokkos::parallel_scan (C++ function), [1], [2], [3] kokkos_free (C++ function) kokkos_malloc (C++ function), [1] kokkos_realloc (C++ function) L label (C++ function) LAnd (C++ class) LAnd::init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) LAnd::join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) LAnd::LAnd (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] LAnd::reducer (C++ type) LAnd::reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) LAnd::result_view_type (C++ type) LAnd::value_type (C++ type) LAnd::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) layout (C++ function) LayoutLeft (C++ struct) LayoutLeft::array_layout (C++ type) LayoutLeft::dimension (C++ member) LayoutLeft::is_extent_constructible (C++ member) LayoutLeft::LayoutLeft (C++ function), [1] (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) LayoutLeft::operator= (C++ function), [1] LayoutRight (C++ struct) LayoutRight::array_layout (C++ type) LayoutRight::dimension (C++ member) LayoutRight::is_extent_constructible (C++ member) LayoutRight::LayoutRight (C++ function), [1] (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) LayoutRight::operator= (C++ function), [1] LayoutStride (C++ class) (C++ function), [1] (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) LOr (C++ class) LOr::init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) LOr::join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) LOr::LOr (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] LOr::reducer (C++ type) LOr::reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) LOr::result_view_type (C++ type) LOr::value_type (C++ type) LOr::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) M Max (C++ class) Max::init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Max::join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Max::Max (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] Max::reducer (C++ type) Max::reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Max::result_view_type (C++ type) Max::value_type (C++ type) Max::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) max_total_tile_size (C++ function) MaxLoc (C++ class) MaxLoc::init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MaxLoc::join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MaxLoc::MaxLoc (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] MaxLoc::reducer (C++ type) MaxLoc::reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MaxLoc::result_view_type (C++ type) MaxLoc::value_type (C++ type) MaxLoc::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MDRangePolicy (C++ function), [1], [2], [3], [4] memory_space (C++ type) memory_traits (C++ type) Min (C++ class) Min::init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Min::join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Min::Min (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] Min::reducer (C++ type) Min::reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Min::result_view_type (C++ type) Min::value_type (C++ type) Min::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinLoc (C++ class) MinLoc::init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinLoc::join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinLoc::MinLoc (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] MinLoc::reducer (C++ type) MinLoc::reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinLoc::result_view_type (C++ type) MinLoc::value_type (C++ type) MinLoc::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinMax (C++ class) MinMax::init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinMax::join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinMax::MinMax (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] MinMax::reducer (C++ type) MinMax::reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinMax::result_view_type (C++ type) MinMax::value_type (C++ type) MinMax::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinMaxLoc (C++ class) MinMaxLoc::init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinMaxLoc::join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinMaxLoc::MinMaxLoc (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] MinMaxLoc::reducer (C++ type) MinMaxLoc::reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinMaxLoc::result_view_type (C++ type) MinMaxLoc::value_type (C++ type) MinMaxLoc::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) MinMaxLocScalar (C++ struct) MinMaxLocScalar::max_loc (C++ member) MinMaxLocScalar::max_val (C++ member) MinMaxLocScalar::min_loc (C++ member) MinMaxLocScalar::min_val (C++ member) MinMaxLocScalar::operator= (C++ function) MinMaxScalar (C++ struct) MinMaxScalar::max_val (C++ member) MinMaxScalar::min_val (C++ member) MinMaxScalar::operator= (C++ function) N non_const_data_type (C++ type) non_const_scalar_array_type (C++ type) non_const_type (C++ type) non_const_value_type (C++ type) O operator mdspan<OtherElementType, OtherExtents, OtherLayoutPolicy, OtherAccessor> (C++ function) operator!= (C++ function) operator() (C++ function) operator= (C++ function), [1] operator== (C++ function), [1] order_dimensions (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) P partition_space (C++ function), [1] PerTeam (C++ function) PerThread (C++ function) pointer_type (C++ type) Prod (C++ class) Prod::init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Prod::join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Prod::Prod (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] Prod::reducer (C++ type) Prod::reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Prod::result_view_type (C++ type) Prod::value_type (C++ type) Prod::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) ProfilingSection (C++ function) push_finalize_hook (C++ function) R RangePolicy (C++ function), [1], [2], [3], [4] rank (C++ function) rank_dynamic (C++ function) Reducer (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) reference_type (C++ type) required_allocation_size (C++ function), [1] S scalar_array_type (C++ type) ScatterView (C++ class) ScatterView::access (C++ function) ScatterView::contribute_into (C++ function) ScatterView::data_type_info (C++ type) ScatterView::internal_data_type (C++ type) ScatterView::internal_view_type (C++ type) ScatterView::is_allocated (C++ function) ScatterView::original_reference_type (C++ type) ScatterView::original_value_type (C++ type) ScatterView::original_view_type (C++ type) ScatterView::realloc (C++ function) ScatterView::reset (C++ function) ScatterView::reset_except (C++ function) ScatterView::resize (C++ function) ScatterView::ScatterView (C++ function), [1], [2], [3] ScatterView::subview (C++ function) ScopedRegion (C++ function) ScopeGuard (C++ class) ScopeGuard::operator= (C++ function), [1] ScopeGuard::ScopeGuard (C++ function), [1], [2], [3], [4] ScopeGuard::~ScopeGuard (C++ function) size (C++ function) size_type (C++ type) span (C++ function) span_is_contiguous (C++ function) specialize (C++ type) start (C++ function) stop (C++ function) stride (C++ function), [1] (C++ member) stride_0 (C++ function) stride_1 (C++ function) stride_2 (C++ function) stride_3 (C++ function) stride_4 (C++ function) stride_5 (C++ function) stride_6 (C++ function) stride_7 (C++ function) subview (C++ function) Sum (C++ class) Sum::init (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Sum::join (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Sum::reducer (C++ type) Sum::reference (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) Sum::result_view_type (C++ type) Sum::Sum (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] Sum::value_type (C++ type) Sum::view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) T TeamHandleConcept (C++ class) TeamHandleConcept::execution_space (C++ type) TeamHandleConcept::league_rank (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) TeamHandleConcept::league_size (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) TeamHandleConcept::operator= (C++ function), [1] TeamHandleConcept::scratch_memory_space (C++ type) TeamHandleConcept::team_barrier (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) TeamHandleConcept::team_broadcast (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] TeamHandleConcept::team_rank (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) TeamHandleConcept::team_reduce (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) TeamHandleConcept::team_scan (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) TeamHandleConcept::team_scratch (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) TeamHandleConcept::team_shmem (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) TeamHandleConcept::team_size (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) TeamHandleConcept::TeamHandleConcept (C++ function), [1], [2] TeamHandleConcept::thread_scratch (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) TeamHandleConcept::~TeamHandleConcept (C++ function) TeamPolicy (C++ class) TeamPolicy::chunk_size (C++ function) TeamPolicy::execution_space (C++ type) TeamPolicy::index_type (C++ type) TeamPolicy::iteration_pattern (C++ type) TeamPolicy::launch_bounds (C++ type) TeamPolicy::league_size (C++ function) TeamPolicy::member_type (C++ type) TeamPolicy::schedule_type (C++ type) TeamPolicy::scratch_size (C++ function) TeamPolicy::scratch_size_max (C++ function) TeamPolicy::set_chunk_size (C++ function) TeamPolicy::set_scratch_size (C++ function), [1], [2], [3] TeamPolicy::team_scratch_size (C++ function) TeamPolicy::team_size (C++ function) TeamPolicy::team_size_max (C++ function), [1] TeamPolicy::team_size_recommended (C++ function), [1] TeamPolicy::TeamPolicy (C++ function), [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] TeamPolicy::thread_scratch_size (C++ function) TeamPolicy::vector_length_max (C++ function) TeamPolicy::work_tag (C++ type) TeamThreadMDRange (C++ class) TeamThreadMDRange::TeamThreadMDRange (C++ function) TeamThreadRange (C++ function), [1] TeamVectorMDRange (C++ class) TeamVectorMDRange::TeamVectorMDRange (C++ function) ThreadVectorMDRange (C++ class) ThreadVectorMDRange::ThreadVectorMDRange (C++ function) ThreadVectorRange (C++ function), [1] tile_size_recommended (C++ function) to_mdspan (C++ function) U UnorderedMap (C++ class) UnorderedMap::allocate_view (C++ function) UnorderedMap::capacity (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) UnorderedMap::clear (C++ function) UnorderedMap::create_copy_view (C++ function) UnorderedMap::create_mirror (C++ function) UnorderedMap::deep_copy (C++ function) UnorderedMap::deep_copy_view (C++ function) UnorderedMap::exists (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) UnorderedMap::find (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) UnorderedMap::insert (C++ kokkosinlinefunction), [1] UnorderedMap::is_allocated (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) UnorderedMap::key_at (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) UnorderedMap::rehash (C++ function) UnorderedMap::size (C++ function) UnorderedMap::UnorderedMap (C++ function) UnorderedMap::valid_at (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) UnorderedMap::value_at (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) UnorderedMapInsertOpTypes (C++ struct) UnorderedMapInsertOpTypes::AtomicAdd (C++ struct) UnorderedMapInsertOpTypes::NoOp (C++ struct) UnorderedMapInsertResult (C++ class) UnorderedMapInsertResult::existing (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) UnorderedMapInsertResult::failed (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) UnorderedMapInsertResult::index (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) UnorderedMapInsertResult::success (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) use_count (C++ function) V value_type (C++ type) vector (C++ class) vector::assign (C++ function) vector::back (C++ function), [1] vector::begin (C++ function) vector::clear (C++ function) vector::const_iterator (C++ type) vector::const_pointer (C++ type) vector::const_reference (C++ type) vector::data (C++ function) vector::device_to_host (C++ function) vector::empty (C++ function) vector::end (C++ function) vector::find (C++ function) vector::front (C++ function), [1] vector::host_to_device (C++ function) vector::is_allocated (C++ function) vector::is_sorted (C++ function) vector::iterator (C++ type) vector::lower_bound (C++ function) vector::max_size (C++ function) vector::on_device (C++ function) vector::on_host (C++ function) vector::operator() (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) vector::operator[] (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) vector::pointer (C++ type) vector::pop_back (C++ function) vector::push_back (C++ function) vector::reference (C++ type) vector::reserve (C++ function) vector::resize (C++ function), [1] vector::set_overallocation (C++ function) vector::size (C++ function) vector::span (C++ function) vector::value_type (C++ type) vector::vector (C++ function), [1] View (C++ function), [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13] view (C++ kokkosinlinefunction) view_alloc (C++ function) view_wrap (C++ function)